... as a new instrument of geopolitical competition, creating not only networks of railroads, digital and energy infrastructure, but also lasting recipient dependencies of respective investments from donors. The following working paper is looking at the European Union as a connectivity provider, assessing the potential of its Global Gateway Initiative in becoming a viable alternative to China’s Belt and Road Initiative.
Connectivity Competition: The EU’s Global Gateway Initiative
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. Council Decision (EU) 2022/2332 of 28 November 2022 on identifying the violation of Union restrictive measures as an area of crime that meets the criteria specified in Article 83(1) of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union. OJ L 308, 29.11.2022, p. 18–21
Multipolarity is usually understood in Paris not as the existence of several roughly equal centers of power but as a joint solution to global problems under the unconditional priority of Western interests
Late in August this year, President Emmanuel Macron delivered his annual
address
to French ambassadors, thus traditionally opening a new political season for the Fifth Republic’s diplomacy. In terms of content, it generally reaffirmed commitment to the same course that the host of Elysée Palace...
If the practice becomes widespread, another nail will be driven into the coffin of human ties between Russia and the EU
In Russia, the new European Commission (EC) rules on the import of sanctioned goods by Russian citizens has caused quite a stir.
The EU sanctions policy against Russia includes a wide range of measures. These include blocking financial sanctions, sectoral restrictions, transport and visa bans, export controls on a wide range of goods, as well as a ban on the import of a number...
Italy intends to become a key energy hub for the Mediterranean in the context of gas supplies to European countries, and all the steps taken by the country in the field of the "new energy policy" are aimed primarily at achieving this political goal
In 2022–2023 the Italian Republic, like a number of other European countries, faced the sharp problem of diversifying energy supplies. Winter 2022–2023 was extremely mild in Europe, which helped to prevent an aggravation of the energy crisis...
... goods. Up to now, for example, there have been no cases of blocking sanctions for the supply through third countries of "luxury goods" or other less technologically advanced manufactured goods. But this practice may appear in the future.
The European Union is also introducing instruments into its law that allow the application of similar sanctions. For example, paragraph (h) Art. 3 of EU Council Regulation 269/2014 empowers the Council to impose blocking sanctions against any individuals ...
Аn increasingly optimal strategy for entrepreneurs is a complete withdrawal from the Western markets, the search for alternative suppliers in friendly countries, as well as reliable mechanisms for financial transactions that are not related to the US dollar or other Western currencies
The significant number of sanctions against Russia has naturally led to an increase in the number of attempts to circumvent them. If before the start of the Special Military Operation in Ukraine (SMO) in February...
In July 2023, two notable international summits took place: the European Union-Community of Latin American and Caribbean States (EU-CELAC) Summit and the Africa-Russia Summit. Below are some impressions to assess to compare the implications of both events. A comparative analysis of the final declarations of both summits ...
... which, as the author reminds his readership, was NATO’s proposed expansion into Ukraine and Georgia. This was a shocking manifestation of political irresponsibility, and it cannot be solely attributed to Ukraine, Russia, or the United States. The European Union and its member states, too, bear a significant amount of responsibility for the crisis that has befallen Europe. Since this is a conflict occurring within Europe and involving European nations, Mr. von der Schulenburg observes that the ...
The main intrigue of the package was restrictive measures against foreign countries and organisations that interact with Russia
The European Union has introduced its
eleventh package of sanctions against Russia
. The main intrigue of the package was restrictive measures against foreign countries and organisations that interact with Russia. It pertains to cooperation in those areas ...
