... on Iran. A victory for Donald Trump, however, could result in increased pressure on Iran, given the tougher position of the Republicans on relations with the Islamic Republic. For Tehran, a victory for the Republican candidate threatens a new wave of sanctions.
Ivan Timofeev:
The Trump Factor
Iran has been in a confrontation with the United States for 45 years. It has been characterised by periods of increasing and decreasing tensions, when political and even military crises have been replaced by ...
... a much less severe economic contraction; in fact, by the end of 2022, contrary to earlier predictions, the Russian economy declined by only 2.5%.
Ivan Timofeev:
Without ‘Black Knights’: Do Third Countries Remain a Problem for the Initiators of Sanctions Against Russia?
Some of the factors contributing to the resilience of the Russian economy—such as a relatively favorable dynamics of global oil and gas prices caused by the post-COVID economic recovery—had mostly external nature. This 2022 ...
A BRICS interregional currency as a prerequisite for financial multipolarity
The signing in December 2023 of the U.S. President’s
decree
imposing secondary sanctions on foreign financial institutions found to be supporting Russia’s military-industrial base made international settlements between Russian companies and their counterparties in “friendly” nations much more difficult. The precedent of discrimination ...
... diplomacy with regards to Russia. By passing PL 115-44 (CAATSA) bill, Congress incorporated Barack Obama's executive orders on Ukraine and digital security into federal law, denying the president the ability to rescind them or remove individuals from sanctions lists without congressional approval. CAATSA also gave the president the authority to use a fairly broad range of restrictive measures. The administration responded pragmatically. Trump signed CAATSA and in 2018, with Executive Order 13849, ...
... office in 2016-2020, Donald Trump revealed his support for the increasing containment of the PRC. His anti-Chinese rhetoric was combined with very specific restrictive measures against Beijing. A number of new legal mechanisms have emerged that imply sanctions against China and are enshrined in both federal law and presidential decrees. In other words, the attack on Beijing was carried out both by the executive branch and by Congress. During the presidency of Joe Biden, anti-Chinese policy has been ...
... building transaction mechanisms independent of the Western financial infrastructure will reduce the ability of Western countries to use their financial capabilities for political purposes
One of the key challenges facing the initiators of economic sanctions is in creating a coalition of countries willing to implement the restrictive measures. A common thesis in the research literature is that the presence of such a coalition enhances the effectiveness of sanctions pressure [
1
] — the more countries ...
... Economic security issues were explicitly identified as a separate dimension and include a wide range of issues — from poverty and inequality to climate and the environment. However, the further reference of the president’s speech to the policy of sanctions and the reliability of deposits in the debt obligations of Western states suggests that the key aspect of the economic dimension of Eurasian security architecture may be precisely the question of using the economy as a weapon; to protect against ...
...?
Obviously, the NSR is critical for Russia as it considers it a historical national transport route, like how Canada perceives the Northwest Passage. Geopolitical developments in the past two years have accentuated its importance for Russia due to sanctions. It serves as a major transport route in developing trade with East Asia, especially China. China-Russia trade turnover has reached USD 240 billion—poised to only grow higher—and the NSR is one of the routes that facilitates this trade. ...
... Russian-Chinese “comprehensive partnership and strategic interaction of the new era” represent a key element of the emerging multipolar world order. Moscow and Beijing’s mutual support in the international arena, growing trade turnover in the face of sanctions, strengthening humanitarian ties, and people-to-people cooperation represent a unique example of the constructive dialogue taking place between these two truly sovereign states. Further confirming this dynamic was Russian President Vladimir ...
... rate, jumping from $12 billion to $65 billion in two years, with crude oil accounting for the lion’s share of this growth. Initially, Western countries tried to cut off this flow, but Russian big business demonstrated a phenomenal ability to dodge sanctions: they used shell or fly-by-night companies in third countries and shadow fleets, along with other tricks. Indian big business provided much help in establishing bypass routes. In the end, this strategy bore fruit: Western political and economic ...
