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Why do countries that initiate sanctions reduce them? How long-term and sustainable is such a process? Modern literature on economic sanctions focuses on the effectiveness of their application. Scholars and practitioners are interested in the extent to which sanctions help achieve ...
... criticism of Israeli military actions in Gaza, in the West Bank or in the South of Lebanon are going to be softer. Second, the US positions on Iran are going to get even tougher, which means that JCPOA will not be resurrected from its grave and the US sanctions against Tehran will not be lifted. Third, Trump is clearly committed to continue his efforts to promote the Abraham Accords further assisting Israel in building relations with major Arab states, including Saudi Arabia. Trump will also try to ...
... 24 of this year . Cooperation with Russia reduces North Korea’s international isolation. The United States has very few tools it can use to influence both sides. The use of military force against nuclear powers is risky and dangerous, and economic sanctions against both countries make little sense given that they are already subject to large-scale restrictions. Russia’s rapprochement with the DPRK can be explained by at least three factors. The first and most significant is the grave crisis of ...
The concept of secondary sanctions remains vague. It has acquired not only and not even so much a legal or political character, but a psychological one Secondary sanctions have now become one of the key political risks facing the foreign partners of Russian businesses. Attention ...
... on Iran. A victory for Donald Trump, however, could result in increased pressure on Iran, given the tougher position of the Republicans on relations with the Islamic Republic. For Tehran, a victory for the Republican candidate threatens a new wave of sanctions. Ivan Timofeev: The Trump Factor Iran has been in a confrontation with the United States for 45 years. It has been characterised by periods of increasing and decreasing tensions, when political and even military crises have been replaced by ...
... a much less severe economic contraction; in fact, by the end of 2022, contrary to earlier predictions, the Russian economy declined by only 2.5%. Ivan Timofeev: Without ‘Black Knights’: Do Third Countries Remain a Problem for the Initiators of Sanctions Against Russia? Some of the factors contributing to the resilience of the Russian economy—such as a relatively favorable dynamics of global oil and gas prices caused by the post-COVID economic recovery—had mostly external nature. This 2022 ...
A BRICS interregional currency as a prerequisite for financial multipolarity The signing in December 2023 of the U.S. President’s decree imposing secondary sanctions on foreign financial institutions found to be supporting Russia’s military-industrial base made international settlements between Russian companies and their counterparties in “friendly” nations much more difficult. The precedent of discrimination ...
... diplomacy with regards to Russia. By passing PL 115-44 (CAATSA) bill, Congress incorporated Barack Obama's executive orders on Ukraine and digital security into federal law, denying the president the ability to rescind them or remove individuals from sanctions lists without congressional approval. CAATSA also gave the president the authority to use a fairly broad range of restrictive measures. The administration responded pragmatically. Trump signed CAATSA and in 2018, with Executive Order 13849, ...
... office in 2016-2020, Donald Trump revealed his support for the increasing containment of the PRC. His anti-Chinese rhetoric was combined with very specific restrictive measures against Beijing. A number of new legal mechanisms have emerged that imply sanctions against China and are enshrined in both federal law and presidential decrees. In other words, the attack on Beijing was carried out both by the executive branch and by Congress. During the presidency of Joe Biden, anti-Chinese policy has been ...
... building transaction mechanisms independent of the Western financial infrastructure will reduce the ability of Western countries to use their financial capabilities for political purposes One of the key challenges facing the initiators of economic sanctions is in creating a coalition of countries willing to implement the restrictive measures. A common thesis in the research literature is that the presence of such a coalition enhances the effectiveness of sanctions pressure [ 1 ] — the more countries ...
| U.S. wants to establish partnership relations with Russia on condition that it meets the U.S. requirements |
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| U.S. wants to deter Russia’s military and political activity |
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| U.S. wants to dissolve Russia |
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| U.S. wants to establish alliance relations with Russia under the US conditions to rival China |
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