Will We Witness a BRICS Currency “R+”evolution?

... exchange rate exceed 150,000 pips, compared to 200–1,000 pips for conventional currency pairs, rendering them impractical for hedging cross-border trades and direct investments. [ 63 ] Thus, the increasing role of central bank digital currencies (CBDCs) within and between BRICS states appears more likely. Nearly all BRICS+ countries are pursuing CBDC projects at various stages of development. Compared to private cryptocurrencies, CBDCs are less volatile and can be easily controlled through national monetary policy. In ...