... at least, of approaches to some of the main sources of security threats to Asia as they are currently seen from each of the two capitals.
For foreign policy decision-makers in Moscow, the core security challenge to Asian countries comes from overseas Western powers that have got involved in the continent over previous centuries and that have always been committed to keeping Asia disunited and fragmented to the extent possible in order to exercise an external control over the continent and to exploit ...
The presidential elections in the United States will determine the future of international relations and become a prologue for a post-Westphalian system of inter-civilizational dialogue
Russia, Europe, and America: Towards a Post-Westphalian World Order
The transformation of the current world order, frequently discussed by numerous experts and scholars as a “global restructuring,...
... political ‘investment portfolio’ of the group is quite diversified, which raises the chances of success in at least some of the ongoing BRICS initiatives.
On the development side, BRICS has faced a choice between trying to reform existing, mostly West-centered, institutions and aspiring to create efficient ‘BRICS signature’ alternatives to them. The Declaration suggests that the group intends to explore both opportunities: it calls for institutional changes within old multilateral bodies like ...
... mask of values, democracy, human rights, sustainable development, etc., to attract weaker countries to the GLO. With the collapse of the USSR, the US and its allies took off their masks and started to dictate the world to follow them. Simultaneously, Western powers promoted theories like “the End of History” and the “Clash of Civilizations” to strengthen their control further.
These theories portrayed the West as the ultimate winner and superior civilisation. They drafted a new world agenda—keeping ...
... fundamental interests of developing nations, which have long been underrepresented in global and regional governance. So far, the role of global labs designing rules of the game for the international system has been almost monopolized by a small group of West-led institutions and forums. This monopoly has unavoidably led to serious discrepancies within the system, raising concerns about fairness and justice, not to mention the system's efficiency.
This is not to say that the International Bank for Reconstruction ...
... course, the most important role. First of all, because from the very beginning it included states that had the potential to embody in theory and practice fundamental changes in the balance of power. Therefore, the criteria of effectiveness created by Western political science to assess how successful certain international organisations are were not applicable to BRICS from the very beginning. The creation of such an association was a great achievement in itself. First, because it included countries ...
... times since the beginning of century. Furthermore, the Russian leadership managed to promptly redirect the most important trade flows to non-sanctioning countries, such as China, India, Turkey, which mitigated the anticipated economic fallout of the Western economic pressure on Moscow.
This trend continued throughout 2023. Russia once again outperformed most of the expert expectations: instead of 1.5–2.5% anticipated annual growth, the economy surprisingly grew by 3.6%. The main driver of this ...
... greater the room for China's economic development.
Russia's situation differs from China's in that it defines globalization more often in political terms. Russia's rejection of economic globalization is on two levels. Politically, it is characterized as Western globalization, a reflection of Western globalism in the economic sphere, on the basis of which a Western-dominated world economic order has been formed, the main purpose of which is to serve the West and reflect its economic hegemony. Russia is ...
... return to peace. However, from a structural point of view, India does not have the heft to navigate the complex Eurasian security dynamics, which led to the conflict in Ukraine in the first place. Therefore, if to look beyond the push for peace, growing Western pressure on India for Modi’s controversial visit to Russia, a country that is openly at odds with the Western world, tacitly implied India’s support to Moscow’s geopolitical ambitions (for the West). Hence, Modi’s Moscow visit necessitated ...
... empathy and a carefully calibrated balance of interests
When the current dynamics of Russia-China relations is discussed, the conversation often boils down to the concept of a "senior-junior partnership." A popular view—especially in the West—is that with more cooperation between the two nations, Russia is gradually, but inevitably, turning into a junior partner to China. When it comes to all the privileges, rights and responsibilities within the partnership, the junior partner has ...
