Islamic State in Africa: Affiliates and Competition

... Africa to Sub-Saharan Africa. Since the “persist and expand” slogan carries fundamental ideological and propaganda meanings for the Islamic State, it is now relevant primarily for the group’s “expansion” into Sub-Saharan Africa. Only there is the “Islamic State” able to maintain territorial control and establish “tamkin”—an Islamic definition that is close in meaning to what is called “sovereignty”, where power and territorial control, as well as population, are indispensable attributes,...