... Catholics. Crossbows were eventually banned, but with the understanding that they could be used against the Saracens. After all, following the successful First Crusade of 1096–1099, skirmishes with Muslims continued in Palestine and plans for a second crusade were under discussion.
[1]
This is how the first known arms control agreement came about. However, the Saracen proviso received a “broad interpretation,” and the commitment not to use crossbows was quickly forgotten. Christian warriors continued to break through each other’s armor with crossbow bolts ...
Working Paper No. 68/2022
Working Paper No. 68/2022
The first atomic bomb was designed almost eight decades ago. Since then, the nuclear factor has become one of the game-changers in international relations. The possession of nuclear weapons has become especially important in modern times, as discussions of the fatal destructiveness the use of atomic weapons for all mankind have reintensified. There is increasing speculation on this topic in the international arena. Nevertheless, there is no doubt...
.... It came to be the first in a series of nuclear treaties followed by START II, SORT and the New START. The longevity of the arms control regime is not the only reason to single out this landmark date, with one of the other considerations being that the ... ... unthinkable. Besides, only heavy aircraft could at that time offer the capability of delivering nuclear weapons across many thousands of kilometers, which was the ultimate requirement in the stand-off between the United States and the Soviet Union.
The ...
... overall START warheads ceilings. Furthermore, if we plan to go into centralized storages let us start with counting several thousand strategic warheads, cruise missiles and gravity bombs relocated there from strategic land- and sea-based missiles and heavy ... ... back into that deal would already be a very important step towards preserving this most important fundamental treaty on nuclear arms control.
That is, the fate of the NPT depends on whether the Americans can get back into the Iranian deal?
Yes, because ...
... technological competition, but can at least help to prevent a full-fledged trade war between Washington and Beijing. In sum, Biden can allow himself to put most of the Russia files on a back burner, with the possible exception of the pending strategic arms control question. It implies that we will not see an early US-Russian summit in 2021; at best, the two leaders could meet on the margins of a multilateral event, like the G20 or APEC, to compare notes on issues of common interest.
3. Attitude
Donald ...
... narrative of this
blame game
, however, it is the former that has now pursued the line of this
withdrawal doctrine
. A line that makes John Bolton’s question all the more relevant; should treaties continue to exist despite the traditional suspicions, accusations and violations simply “for the sake of it?” It is a perfectly valid postulation.
Why Extend the Flawed System [New START] Just to Say You Have a Treaty?
The turbulent history of Russia-U.S. bilateral nuclear arms control agreements now spans over five long decades and there are now only six pivotal months remaining to extend the very
last
nuclear arms control treaty left between the two countries — the 2010
New Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty
or New START....
Even if the political clouds are miraculously dispersed and the New START is revived in the coming months, it would not do much to bring back the Soviet-American model of arms control that took shape almost half a century ago
Imagine an ordinary everyday situation, which shouldn’t be a problem this summer with its unpredictable weather. You were going to spend the weekend outside, but looking out the window on a Saturday ...
Arms Control Today conducted a written interview in early March with Anatoly Antonov, Russian ambassador to the United States on issues including the current status of U.S.-Russian strategic security talks, the future of New START, talks on intermediate-range ...
... countries survived the nuclear dangers of the Cold War through a combination of skilled diplomacy, political leadership and good fortune. The fall of the Berlin Wall did not eliminate those dangers, but the years that followed saw continued progress on arms control, a sharp drop in nuclear peril and a reduced reliance on military means for addressing potential conflicts.
Today, in contrast, geopolitical tensions are rising and the major powers are placing a renewed emphasis on the role of nuclear weapons ...
... concept is often called "escalate to de-escalate:” selective intimidating use of nuclear weapons to prevent the opponent from achieving success in a conventional conflict. Hence the nuclear revanchists are striving to make nuclear weapons more usable, while the revisionists call for discarding traditional methods of arms control in favor of entirely new ways of enhancing nuclear deterrence and forging a new concept of strategic stability.
The Realities of Arms and Arms Control
All possible dangers and uncertainties notwithstanding, rational strategic analysis should ...
