... of comparable strength
The very concept of a “security umbrella” is absurd when it comes to a physical threat from an enemy of comparable strength. Since we are far from thinking that a threat to Europe could come from North African countries, China, or the Middle East, the only such enemy is Russia. However, it is linked to the United States by a relationship of strategic deterrence, based on the direct and immediate threat of causing unacceptable damage to each other’s territory and population. Any state,...
... 5, Moscow urged Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei to refrain from radical responses to Israel—not only to minimize possible civilian casualties but also to avoid provoking a direct conflict with the U.S.
Yang Xiaotong:
“Light of the World” No More. China and Russia Should Help Restore Multipolarity in the Middle East
Postmodernity as inoculation against war
However, the core reasons lie not outside, but inside the region. It appears that key actors—from Egypt to Syria, and from Turkey to Iran—are unwilling to engage in a full-blown war. Middle Eastern ...
... was seen through the eyes of terrorism and counter terrorism instead of occupation and counter occupation. The peace process, even unbalanced, had long been delayed due to these immense distortions.
Yang Xiaotong:
“Light of the World” No More. China and Russia Should Help Restore Multipolarity in the Middle East
For many years, the reasonable voice of the Global South, including China and other actors, has been either downplayed or not sufficiently regarded in the political solution of Palestine, though the US did intend to include China in its own ...
... almost every category. China has benefited immensely from globalization and cannot return to being a hermit kingdom once again. The only way China could survive the American containment is to restore multipolarity in the world.
In the context of the Middle East, China believes that the main reason why it is caught in a ceaseless cycle of conflict
is because external powers are interfering and attempting to shape the region in its own image
. The Middle East’s fate should only be determined by its population....
... virtually no strategic ties with China. Although Kuwait has joined the One Belt, One Road initiative and counts on Chinese investment in the Silk City project, it is not keen on developing military cooperation with Beijing. The same is true for Bahrain.
China and U.S. in the Middle East
The rapid development of ties between China and the Gulf states is of considerable concern to the United States. Especially when it comes to the UAE and Saudi Arabia. The leaders of these nations have to keep the U.S. reaction in mind every ...
... voiced by Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi the day before, at the UN Security Council meeting initiated by China on the Palestinian-Israeli issue, and this is by no means the first of the steps Beijing took to solve some of the problems crippling the Middle East.
China is building its Middle East policy on the basis of peaceful coexistence, typical of its approach. While Beijing refrains from directly declaring its intention to replace the United States, a more “traditional” partner for many countries in this ...
... The US withdrawal from the JCPOA in 2018 did not lead to Iran abandoning positions on its missile programme and policy in the Middle East. Moreover, it created the conditions for Iran to return to its nuclear programme. In both the case of the DPRK and ... ... previous level of trust has been undermined.
Finally, amid the “hybrid war” with angry Russia and growing contradictions with China, it will be more difficult to effectively counteract these problems. At the same time, the Ukrainian conflict seems to be ...
... reach of American and European diplomats. But more important for China itself is the fact that it was able to create prerequisites for reducing the tensions in the region, wherefrom it receives roughly 40–50% of its oil imports.
To the nations of the Middle East and the entire world, China has also demonstrated that it can be a viable alternative to the U.S. not only in energy, trade or technology, but also in addressing security issues. The visit of President Xi Jinping to the KSA last year, for example, showed that Riyadh sees China ...
... witnesses the decline of the US role, the increase of China's activity, as well as the lack of stable economic development and social justice, and shortage of resources. Iran, Turkey and Israel are regional leaders, yet there is still no hegemon in the Middle East. China and Russia should develop multilateral and coordinated partnership in such areas as maintaining security and peace in the Middle East, expanding alternative regional formats of cooperation in economy, finance, trade, high technology and education,...
... range of issues related to the role of the PRC in the region. In particular, experts discussed the Chinese investment expansion in the Mediterranean, the creation of transport and logistics corridors as part of economic projects of China, as well as China's political interaction with the countries of the EU, the Middle East and North Africa.
The participants of the conference were welcomed by Alexey Gromyko, Director of the Institute of Europe of the RAS, Corresponding Member of the RAS, RIAC Member, and Olga Butorina, Deputy Director of the Institute of Europe ...
