... asymmetrically, a strategy that has often proven successful in the past
Over the past few years, public attention in Russia and abroad has focused on an unprecedented debate within Russian expert and political circles regarding the possible use of nuclear weapons in the context of the armed conflict in Ukraine. In 2024, this debate centered on amendments to Russia’s official Military Doctrine on nuclear deterrence, which were promulgated in November of that year. The issue gained even greater ...
....
In this regard, lowering the threshold for the use of atomic weapons and expanding the number of situations in which Moscow allows this step is long overdue. Just as the wording of the previous version of the doctrine, which stated that the use of nuclear weapons in a non-nuclear conflict was only possible in the event of a threat to Russia’s very existence as a state, was no longer in line with global realities. Now this threshold has been lowered, and the use of nuclear weapons in a non-nuclear ...
... major war as a real possibility gradually shifted from the tabloids to respectable analysis. While such a topic had been considered inappropriate, ignoring it became increasingly difficult as the signs of general disorder multiplied.
Many agreed that nuclear weapons prevent a world war, i.e., a direct clash between the great powers. The prospect of total destruction, or at of least unacceptable damage, still restrains them from the sort of behavior seen in the first half of the 20th century. But history ...
The presence of colossal stockpiles of nuclear weapons in two or three great military powers reduces the likelihood of a general war in its traditional sense
The presence of colossal stockpiles of nuclear weapons in two or three great military powers reduces the likelihood of a general war ...
... known.
26
Bugos, Sh. Congress Endorses New Nuclear Weapon.
Arms Control Today.
January/February 2024.
https://www.armscontrol.org/act/2024-02/news/congress-endorses-new-nuclear-weapon
(accessed 05.06.2024).
27
MacDonald, E. The Sky’s the Limit on Nuclear Weapons Spending, But What Does It Really Get Us?
The Equation.
The Union of Concerned Scientists. 02.08.2023.
https://blog.ucsusa.org/emacdonald/the-skys-the-limit-on-nuclear-weapons-spending-but-what-does-it-r...
28
Russia later revisited those projects with ICBM Sarmat and ALBM Kinzhal.
29
MacDonald, E.
Op. cit.
https://blog.ucsusa.org/emacdonald/the-skys-the-limit-on-nuclear-weapons-spending-but-what-does-it-r....
... dangerous due to the involvement of non-nuclear-weapon states in the preparation and planning of US nuclear operations. The essence of “extended deterrence” is changing: “nuclear umbrellas” are being replaced by supporting the possible use of nuclear weapons by non-nuclear forces. This trend is particularly evident in the interaction between Washington and Seoul, which established the Nuclear Consultative Group and approved (on the margins of the NATO summit) the Guidelines for Nuclear Deterrence ...
... belief that every conceivable reason for nuclear war has disappeared. A new era of globalisation, with its emphasis on economic cooperation, has dawned. For the first time in history, the hegemony of a single power, the US, has been established globally. Nuclear weapons remain in the arsenals of the great powers - though fewer than at the height of the confrontation - but the fear of their use has faded. More dangerously, a new generation of politicians has come to the fore, unburdened either by the memory ...
... experiments suggested the U.S. would win the war or achieve a most favorable settlement of the conflict in case of their refusal to destroy cities [
2
].
In the time of President Richard Nixon, the U.S. military initiated a new response strategy aimed ... ... 24 hours, and 121 carriers or 1,139 charges within 30 days. Of particular significance are the U.S. plans to deploy tactical nuclear weapons, including medium-range missiles, which further increases their strike potential. In this context, the development ...
... primarily about the stability of control over their parts of the continent. The peripheral regions, i.e., Asia, Africa, Latin America, were, of course, an open field for rivalry, but the stakes in these regions were not so high as to justify the use of nuclear weapons. Finally, the Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962 forced the USSR and the USA to take steps to settle the confrontation, to begin the negotiation process which gave rise to the phenomenon of arms control.
Elena Karnaukhova: Once I heard that scientists have learned how to make such nuclear warheads that do not lead to radiation ...
... ongoing Russia-Ukraine armed conflict millions of soldiers have been fighting for two years, using almost all heavy weapons except nuclear weapons such as airplanes, tanks, artillery, warships, missiles, etc., and the U.S. and the NATO countries are already ... ... features of the Russian-Ukrainian conflict, like all wars it has caused enormous suffering on both sides, with hundreds of thousands of military personnel and civilians killed and wounded, cities and houses reduced to rubble, the accumulation of hundreds ...
